C Programming

1. Introduction

●► Welcome to C
●► Course Objectives
●► Practical Exercises
●► Features of C
●► The History of C
●► Standard C vs. K&R C
●► A C Program
●► The Format of C
●► Another Example
●► Variables
●► printf and scanf
●► Integer Types in C
●► Integer Example
●► Character Example
●► Integers with different bases
●► Real types in C
●► Real Example
●► Constants
●► Warning!
●► Named Constants
●► Preprocessor Constants
●► Take Care With printf and scanf

2. Operators in C

●► Operators in C
●► Arithmetic Operators
●► Using Arithmetic Operators
●► The Cast Operator
●► Increment and Decrement
●► Prefix and Postfix
●► Truth in C
●► Comparison Operators
●► Logical Operators
●► Logical Operators
●► Bitwise Operators
●► Bitwise Example
●► Assignment
●► Other Assignment Operators
●► sizeof Operator
●► Conditional Expression Operator
●► Precedence of Operators
●► Associativity
●► Precedence/Associativity Table

3. Control Flow

●► Control Flow
●► Decisions if then
●► if then else
●► Nesting ifs
●► switch
●► More about switch
●► while loop
●► Semicolon Warning!
●► while, not until!
●► do while
●► for loop
●► for is not until either!
●► Stepping with for
●► Extending the for loop
●► break
●► continue

4. Functions

●► The RulesWriting a Function
●► Calling a Function
●► Prototypes
●► Prototyping is Not Really Optional
●► Writing Prototypes
●► Take Care With Semicolons
●► Example Prototypes
●► Example Calls
●► Rules of Visibility
●► Call by Value
●► Call by Value
●► C and the Stack
●► Stack Example
●► Storage
●► auto
●► static
●► register
●► Global Variables

5. Pointers

●► Pointers
●► Declaring Pointers
●► Example Pointer Declarations
●► The "&" Operator
●► Rules
●► The "*" Operator
●► Writing Down Pointers
●► Initialisation Warning!
●► Initialise Pointers!
●► NULL
●► Fill in the Gaps
●► Type Mismatch
●► Call by Value
●► Reminder
●► Call by Reference
●► Pointers to Pointers

6. Arrays in C

●► Declaring Arrays
●► Accessing Elements
●► Array Names
●► Passing Arrays to Functions
●► Using Pointers
●► Pointers Go Backwards Too
●► Pointers May be Subtracted
●► Using Pointers
●► * and ++
●► Which Notation?
●► Strings
●► Printing Strings
●► Null Really Does Mark the End!
●► Assigning to Strings
●► Pointing to Strings
●► Multidimensional Arrays

7. Structures in C

●► Concepts
●► Setting up the Template
●► Creating Instances
●► Initialising Instances
●► Structures Within Structures
●► Accessing Members
●► Unusual Properties
●► Instances May Be Assigned
●► Passing Instances to Functions
●► Pointers to Structures
●► Why (*p).name?
●► Using p->name
●► Pass by Reference
●► Returning Structure Instances
●► Linked Lists
●► Example
●► Printing the List

8. Reading C Declarations

●► Introduction
●► SOAC
●► typedef

9. Handling Files in C

●► Introduction
●► Streams
●► What is a Stream?
●► Why stdout and stderr?
●► stdin is Line Buffered
●► Opening Files
●► Dealing with Errors
●► File Access Problem
●► Copying Files
●► Convenience Problem
●► Accessing the Command Line
●► Useful Routines
●► Binary Files

10. Miscellaneous Things

●► Unions
●► Remembering
●► Enumerated Types
●► Using Different Constants
●► The Preprocessor
●► Including Files
●► Pathnames
●► Preprocessor Constants
●► Avoid Temptation!
●► Preprocessor Macros
●► A Debugging Aid
●► Working With Large Projects
●► Data Sharing Example
●► Data Hiding Example
●► Use Header Files
●► Getting it Right

10. C and the Heap

●► What is the Heap?
●► How Much Memory?
●► Dynamic Arrays
●► Using Dynamic Arrays
●► calloc/malloc Example
●► realloc Example
●► realloc can do it all
●► Allocating Arrays of Arrays
●► Dynamic Data Structures
●► Linking the List

C++ Programming

1. Introduction

●► Instructions for use
●► Basics of C
●► Structure of a program
●► Variables. Data Types
●► Constants
●► Operators
●► Basic Input/Output

2. Control Structures

●► Control Structures
●► Functions (I)
●► Functions (II)

3. Compound data types

●► Arrays
●► Character Sequences
●► Pointers
●► Dynamic Memory
●► Data structures
●► Other Data Types

4. Object Oriented Programming

●► Classes (I)
●► Classes (II)
●► Friendship and inheritance
●► Polymorphism

5. Advanced concepts

●► Templates
●► Namespaces
●► Exceptions
●► Type Casting
●► Preprocessor directives
●► C++ Standard Library
●► Input/Output with files